DOI
https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v1i1.10Abstract
Objective: To assess weight bearing of dogs treated for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency with a custom stifle orthotic.
Background: Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) insufficiency is the most common cause of hind limb lameness in dogs. While there are numerous options for surgical management, surgery is not always an option. Recently, the use of canine stifle orthotics has also emerged as a means to non-surgically manage patients with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency.
Evidentiary value: This is a retrospective study of ten dogs treated for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture with a stifle orthotic.
Methods: Medical records (January 2005- December 2012) of ten dogs treated for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture with a stifle orthotic were reviewed. Temporospatial gait analysis was performed using a pressure sensing walkway at baseline and 90 days or greater post orthotic placement to identify weight bearing with total pressure index % (TPI%).
Results: TPI% improved significantly by 5.1% in the affected limb when compared to baseline (p = 0.0020). At final gait analysis, TPI% significantly improved by 3% in the affected limb with the orthotic off when compared to the unaffected limb (p = 0.0020).
Conclusion: Custom canine stifle orthotics allow for improved weight bearing in the affected limb.
Application: Custom canine stifle orthotics should be considered for cases with concurrent medical conditions or financial constraints that do not allow for surgical intervention.
References
Witsberger,T. H. et al (2008) Prevalence of and risk factors for hip dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 232(12) pp 1818-1824 http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.232.12.1818
Kim, S.E. , Lewis, D.D. and Pozzi, A. (2012) Effect of Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy on Femorotibial Subluxation: In Vivo Analysis during Standing. Veterinary Surgery, 41(4) pp 465–470 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2012.00973.x
Nelson, S.A. et al (2012) Long-Term Functional Outcome of Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Versus Extracapsular Repair in a Heterogeneous Population of Dogs. Veterinary Surgery. 42(1) pp38–50 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2012.01052.x
Christopher, S.A. , Beetem, J., and Cook, J.L (21012). Comparison of Long-Term Outcomes Associated With Three Surgical Techniques for Treatment of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease in Dogs. Veterinary Surgery. 42(3) pp 329–334
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2013.12001.x
Biskup, J.J etc al (2014) Ability of the Tightrope and Percutaneous Lateral Fabellar Suture Techniques to Control Cranial Tibial Translation. Veterinary Surgery 43(8) pp 959-985
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12111.x
Wucherer, K.L et al (2013) Short-term and long-term outcomes for overweight dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture treated surgically or nonsurgically. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 242(10) pp 1364-1372 http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.242.10.1364
Molsa,S.H. et al (2014) Long-term functional outcome after surgical repair of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs. BMC Veterinary Research. 10:266 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-014-0266-8
Nelson, S.A. et al (2013) Long term functional outcome of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy versus extracapsular repair in a heterogeneous population of dogs. Veterinary Surgery 42(1) pp:38-50 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2012.01052.x
Cook, J.L, et al, (2010) Clinical comparison of a novel extracapsular stabilization procedure and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs, Veterinary Surgery 39(3) pp 315-323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2010.00658.x
Headrick, J.F., Zhang, S and Millard, R.P. (2014) Use of an inverse dynamics method to compare the three-dimensional motion of the pelvic limb among clinically normal dogs and dogs with cranial cruciate ligament–deficient stifle joints following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy or lateral fabellar–tibial suture stabilization. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 75(6) pp:554–564 http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.75.6.554
Au, K.K. , Gordon-Evans, W.J. and Dunning, D (2010) Comparison of short- and long-term function and radiographic osteoarthrosis in dogs after postoperative physical rehabilitation and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy or lateral fabellar suture stabilization. Veterinary Surgery 39(2) pp:173–180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2009.00628.x
Oxley, B. et al,(2013) Comparison of complication rates and clinical outcome between tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and a modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs. Veterinary Surgery. 42(6): pp 739–750 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2013.12033.x
Baltaci, G., Aktas, G., and Camci, E. (2011) The effect of prophylactic knee bracing on performance: balance, proprioception, coordination, and muscular power. Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy. 19(10) pp1722–1728 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-011-1491-3
Bodendorfer, B.M. et al, (2013) Anterior Cruciate Ligament Bracing: Evidence in Providing Stability and Preventing Injury or Graft Re-Rupture. The Physician and Sports Medicine. 41(3) pp 92–102 http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/psm.2013.09.2020
Segal, N.A. (2012) Bracing and Orthoses: A Review of Efficacy and Mechanical Effects for Tibiofemoral Osteoarthritis. PM&R. 4(5) Supplement pp:S89–S96 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.01.018
Smith, S.D. et al. (2013) Functional bracing of ACL injuries: current state and future directions. Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy. 22(5) pp 1131–1141 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-013-2514-z
Chew, K.T.L et al, (2007) Current Evidence and Clinical Applications of Therapeutic Knee Braces. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 86(8) pp:678–686 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e318114e416
Birmingham, T.B. et al, (2001) Knee bracing for medial compartment osteoarthritis: effects on proprioception and postural control. Rheumatology. 40(3) pp 285-289 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/40.3.285
Birmingham, T.B. et al, (2001) Knee bracing after ACL reconstruction: effects on postural control and proprioception. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 33(8) pp 1253-1258 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200108000-00002
Giotis, G et al (2013). Effects of Knee Bracing on Tibial Rotation During High Loading Activities in Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Reconstructed Knees. Arthroscopy. 29(10) pp 1644–1652 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2013.07.258
Giotis, G et al (2011), Knee braces can decrease tibial rotation during pivoting that occurs in high demanding activities. Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy. 1998) pp 1347–1354 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-011-1454-8
Palm, H.G. et al. (2012) Effects of knee bracing on postural control after anterior cruciate ligament rupture. The Knee. 19(5) pp 664–671 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2011.07.011
Canapp, S.O., Campana, D.M and Fair, L.M. (2012) Orthopedic coaptation devices and small-animal prosthetics, In Tobias KM, Johnston SA: Veterinary Surgery Small Animal. St. Louis, Missouri, Elsevier, pp 628-646
License
Veterinary Evidence uses the Creative Commons copyright Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. That means users are free to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. Remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially - with the appropriate citation.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Sherman O Canapp, Debra A Canapp, Brittany Jean Carr, Catherine Cox, Jennifer G Barrett, Supraspinatus Tendinopathy in 327 Dogs: A Retrospective Study , Veterinary Evidence: Vol. 1 No. 3 (2016): Our third issue
- Lauri-Jo Gamble, Debra A Canapp, Sherman O Canapp, Evaluation of Achilles Tendon Injuries with Findings from Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Canines – 43 Cases , Veterinary Evidence: Vol. 2 No. 3 (2017): The third issue of 2017
- Brittany Jean Carr, Sherman Canapp, Julia L Petrovitch, Derrick Campana, Debra Canapp, Christopher S Leasure, Retrospective Study on External Canine Limb Prosthesis used in 24 patients , Veterinary Evidence: Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018): The first issue of 2018
