DOI
https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v4i3.202Abstract
PICO question
In dogs with chronic enteropathy does treatment with oral cobalamin compared to parenteral cobalamin provide serum cobalamin levels greater than 270 ng/L?
Clinical bottom line
The evidence provided by block randomised controlled clinical trials indicates that oral dosing of cobalamin results in normocobalaminaemia, with levels similar to that achieved with parenteral dosing. These studies provide veterinary professionals with dosing schedules, and monitoring serum cobalamin levels is recommended to ensure normocobalaminaemia is achieved. It has been shown that supplementation with both oral and parenteral cobalamin correlates with increased intracellular cobalamin levels. Future studies are needed to investigate the outcome of oral cobalamin dosing in dogs with extra-gastrointestinal disease.
References
Allenspach, K., Wieland, B., Grone, A., Gaschen, F. (2007) Chronic enteropathies in dogs: evaluation of risk factors for negative outcome. Journal of Veterinary internal medicine, 21, pp. 700–708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03011.x
Berghoff, N., Suchodolski, J.S. & Steiner, J.M. (2012) Association between serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid concentrations in dogs. The Veterinary Journal, 191, pp. 306–311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.03.005
Berghoff, N., Parnell, N.K., Hill, S.L., Suchodolski, J.S., Steiner, J.M. (2013) Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid concentration in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 74(1), pp. 84–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.74.1.84
Berlin, H., Berlin, R. & Brante, G. (1968) Oral treatment of pernicious anaemia with high doses of vitamin B12 without intrinsic factor. Acta Medica Scandinavia, 184, pp. 247–258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1968.tb02452.x
Craven, M., Simpson, J.W., Ridyard, A.E. Chandler, M.L. (2004) Canine inflammatory bowel disease: retrospective analysis of diagnosis and outcome in 80 cases (1995–2002). Journal of Small Animal Practice, 45, pp. 336–342. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2004.tb00245.x
Dandrieux, J.R. (2016) Inflammatory bowel disease versus chronic enteropathy in dogs: are they one and the same? Journal of Small Animal Practice, 57, pp. 589–599. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.12588
Devalia, V., Hamilton, M.S., Molloy, A.M. (2014). Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cobalamin and folate disorders. Br.J. Haematol. 166, pp. 496–513. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.12959
Dossin, O. (2011) Laboratory tests for diagnosis of gastrointestinal and pancreatic diseases. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 26, pp. 86–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2011.02.005
Fyfe, J.C., Giger, H., Hall, C.A. Jezyk, P.F., Klumpp, S.A., Levine, J.S., Patterson, D.F. (1991) Inherited sedective intestinal cobalamin malabsorption and cobalamin deficiency in dogs. Pediatric Research, 29(1), pp. 24–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199101000-00006
Herrmann, W. & Obeid, R. (2012) Cobalamin deficiency. Subcelll. Biochem. 56, pp. 301–322.
Hustad, S., Eussen, S., Midttun, O., Ulvik, A., van de Kant, P.M., Morkrid, L., Gislefoss, R. & Ueland, P.M. (2012) Kinetic modelling of storage effects on biomarkers related to B vitamin status and one-carbon metabolism. Clinical Chemistry. 58(2), pp, 402–410. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.174490
Kook, P.H. & Hersberger, M. (2019) Daily oral cyanocobalamin supplementation in Beagles with hereditary cobalamin malabsorption (Imerslund‐Gräsbeck syndrome) maintains normal clinical and cellular cobalamin status, Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 33(2) pp. 751–757. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15380
Lutz, S., Sewell, A.C., Reusch, C.E., Kook, P.H. (2013) ‘Clinical and laboratory findings in border collies with presumed hereditary juvenile cobalamin deficiency’, Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 49(3), pp.197–203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5867
McCallum, K. E. & Watson, P.J. (2018). Hereditary selective cobalamin malabsorption and concurrent pancreatitis in a young Border collie. Veterinary Record Case Reports, 6 (1. e000568). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000568
Ruaux, C.G. (2013) Cobalamin in companion animals: Diagnostic markers, deficiency states and therapeutic implications. The Veterinary Journal, 196, pp. 145–152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.01.025
Ruaux, C.G., Steiner, J.M., Williams, D.A. (2005) early Biochemical and clinical responses to cobalamin supplementation in cats with signs of gastrointestinal disease and severe hypocobalaminemia. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 19, pp. 155–160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02676.x
Soloman, L.R. (2007) Disorders of cobalamin (Vitamin B12) metabolism: Emerging concepts in pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Blood reviews, 21, pp. 113–130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2006.05.001
Stabler, S.P., Marcell, P.D., Podell, E.R. Allen, R.H., Lindenbaum, J. (1986) Assay of methylmalonic acid in serum of patients with cobalamin deficiency using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 77, pp. 1606–1612. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1172/JCI112476
Toresson, L., Steiner, J.M., Razdan, P. Spodsberg, E., Olmedal, G., Suchodolski, J.S., Spillman, T. (2018) Comparison of efficacy of oral and parenteral cobalamin supplementation in normalising low cobalamin concentrations in dogs: A randomized controlled study. The Veterinary Journal, 232, pp. 27–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.12.010
Toresson, L., Steiner, J.M., Spodsberg, E., Olmedal, G., Suchodolski, J.S., Lidbury, J.A. & Spillmann, T. (2019) Effects of oral versus parenteral coblamin supplementation on methylmalonic acid and homocysteine concerntrations in dogs with chronic enteropathies and low cobalamin concentrations. The Veterinary Journal, 243, pp. 8–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.11.004
Toresson, L., Steiner, J.M., Suchodolski, J.S., Spillmann, T. (2016) Oral cobalamin supplementation in dogs with chronic enteropathies and hypocobalaminaemia. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30, pp. 101–107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.13797
Vaden, S., Knoll, J., Smith Jr., F, Tilley, L. 2009 Blackwell’s five-minute veterinary consult. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell.
Vidal-Alaball, J., Butler, C.C., Cannings-John, R. Goringe, A., Hood, K., McCaddon, A., McDowell, I., Papaioannou, A. (2005) Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 20. CD004655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004655.pub2
License
Veterinary Evidence uses the Creative Commons copyright Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. That means users are free to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. Remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially - with the appropriate citation.
