DOI
https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v6i1.325Abstract
PICO question
Is there an effect on analgesia following coeliotomy in dogs after a block with local anaesthetics?
Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Treatment
The number and type of study designs reviewed
All the available evidence for this PICO question comes from clinical trials and one experimental/pharmacology study. All the studies were randomised; 5/7 were blinded clinical studies and 4/7 studies were prospective
Strength of evidence
Moderate
Outcomes reported
It is not clear if the use of a local anaesthetic including bupivacaine or lidocaine as incisional blocks minimises the postoperative pain especially in the first 24 hours, as the results are not statistically significant between the groups
Conclusion
In conclusion, bupivacaine or lidocaine can minimise the postoperative pain but more clinical trials are needed
How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
References
Campagnol, D., Teixeira-Neto, F. J., Monteiro, E. R., Restitutti, F. & Minto, B. W. (2012). Effect of intraperitoneal or incisional bupivacaine on pain and the analgesic requirement after ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 39(4), 426–430. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2012.00728.x
Carpenter, R., Wilson, D. & Evans, A. (2004). Evaluation of intraperitoneal and subcutaneous lidocaine and bupivacaine for analgesia following ovariohysterectomy in the dog. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 31(1), 46-52. DOI: https://doi.org/ 1111/j.1467-2995.2004.00137.x
Fitzpatrick, C. L., Weir, H. L. & Monnet, E. (2010). Effects of infiltration of the incision site with bupivacaine on postoperative pain and incisional healing in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 237(4), 395–401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.237.4.395
McKune, C. M., Pascoe, P. J., Lascelles, B. D. X. & Kass, P. H. (2014). The challenge of evaluating pain and a pre-incisional local anesthetic block. PeerJ. 2(1), e341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.341
Morgaz, J., Muñoz-Rascón, P., Serrano-Rodríguez, J. M., Navarrete, R., Domínguez, J. M., Fernández-Sarmiento, J. A., Gómez-Villamandos, R. J., Serrano, J. M. & del Mar Granados, M. (2014). Effectiveness of pre-peritoneal continuous wound infusion with lidocaine for pain control following ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Veterinary Journal. 202(3), 522–526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.08.030
Savvas, I., Papazoglou, L. G., Kazakos, G., Anagnostou, T., Tsioli, V. & Raptopoulos, D. (2008). Incisional Block With Bupivacaine for Analgesia After Celiotomy in Dogs. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association. 44(2), 60–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5326/0440060
Wilson, D. V., Barnes, K. S. & Hauptman, J. G. (2004). Pharmacokinetics of combined intraperitoneal and incisional lidocaine in the dog following ovariohysterectomy. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 27(2), 105–109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00552.x
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