Borrelia burgdorferi exposure in coyotes: an indicator of B. burgdorferi levels in urban versus rural environments

Published:

2022-02-16

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DOI

https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i1.444

Abstract

PICO question

Do wild coyotes in the US that are in an urban habitat compared to a rural habitat have a higher prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi seroconversion?

 

Clinical bottom line

Category of research question

Prevalence

The number and type of study designs reviewed

Two papers, both utilising a cross-sectional study design

Strength of evidence

Zero

Outcomes reported

The relevant studies provide very limited to no evidence towards answering this PICO question. In one, while the absolute percentage of Borrelia-antibody-positive canines (including dogs in addition to coyotes) is higher in metropolitan areas, the effect was not found to be statistically significant, possibly due to their small sample sizes. In the second study, prevalence of antibodies against Borrelia was compared between different rural habitats, but no urban coyotes were tested as a comparison and thus the PICO question cannot be evaluated

Conclusion

There is a knowledge gap concerning the prevalence of Borrelia in coyotes and how it differs between urban and rural environments. Wild coyotes could be used as a sentinel species of Lyme disease activity and to assess potential for domestic pet and human infections, which would inform clinical differential diagnoses as well as testing and vaccination recommendations. More studies are needed before this PICO question can be answered in a confident manner

 

How to apply this evidence in practice

The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.

Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.

 

Open Access Peer Reviewed

Author Biographies

Laura Shultz, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine

As a dual-degree student pursuing both a Doctorate of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) and Masters of Preventive Veterinary Medicine (MPVM), Laura hopes to work in academia or government investigating the conflicts that occur between society and wildlife, evaluating how our health is dependent on each other, and advocating for solutions through a One Health lens. Laura is a member of the Foley Laboratory of Infectious Disease Ecology and a student employee on treatment crews that allows her to expand her clinical and educational skills.

Erik Fausak, University Library, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616

Erik Fausak is a librarian and veterinary technician that is currently the health sciences librarian at UC Davis. Erik is passionate about the inclusion of Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine (EBVM) into daily practice of veterinary hospitals. He believes that the only way that EBVM can be implemented is by developing a team approach. He is currently working to introduce and train veterinary technicians as research leads in an Evidence-Based Practice.

References

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2019). Lyme Disease Data and surveillance. [online] Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/datasurveillance/index.html [Accessed 10 Dec 2020].

Crooks, K. R. (2002). Relative Sensitivities of Mammalian Carnivores to Habitat Fragmentation. Conservation Biology. 16(2), 488–502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00386.x

Foley, J. E., Queen, E. V, Sacks, B. & Foley, P. (2005). GIS-facilitated spatial epidemiology of tick-borne diseases in coyotes (Canis latrans) in northern and coastal California. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 28(3), 197–212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2005.01.006

Gehrt, S. D., Anchor, C. & White, L. A. (2009). Home Range and Landscape Use of Coyotes in a Metropolitan Landscape: Conflict or Coexistence? Journal of Mammalogy. 90(5), 1045–1057. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-277.1

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Self, S. C., McMahan, C. S., Brown, D. A., Lund, R. B., Gettings, J. R. & Yabsley, M. J. (2018). A large-scale spatio-temporal binomial regression model for estimating seroprevalence trends. Environmetrics. 29(8). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/env.2538

Steere, A. C., Strle, F., Wormser, G. P., Hu, L. T., Branda, J. A., Hovius, J. W., Li, X. & Mead, P. S. (2016). Lyme borreliosis. Nature Reviews. Disease Primers. 2, 16090. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.90

Sonenshine, D. E. (2018). Range Expansion of Tick Disease Vectors in North America: Implications for Spread of Tick-Borne Disease. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 15(3), 478. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030478

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