CRediT author contributions

CRediT is used to recognise individual author contributions. CRediT offers authors the opportunity to detail how they contributed to the published work by choosing from the 14 roles in the below table:

Term	Definition
Conceptualization	Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims
Methodology	Development or design of methodology; creation of models
Software	Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components
Validation	Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/ reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs
Formal analysis	Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyse or synthesize study data
Investigation	Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection
Resources	Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools
Data Curation	Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later reuse
Writing – Original Draft	Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation)
Writing – Review & Editing	Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary, or revision – including pre-or post-publication stages
Visualization	Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/ data presentation
Supervision	Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team
Project administration	Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution
Funding acquisition	Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication

Learn more about CRediT:

https://credit.niso.org/

List all Contributions – All contributions should be listed, whether from those listed as authors or individuals named in acknowledgements;
Multiple Roles Possible – Individual contributors can be assigned multiple roles, and a given role can be assigned to multiple contributors;
Degree of Contribution Optional – Where multiple individuals serve in the same role, the degree of contribution can optionally be specified as ‘lead’, ‘equal’, or ‘supporting’;
Shared Responsibility – Corresponding authors should assume responsibility for role assignment, and all contributors should be given the opportunity to review and confirm assigned roles.

Example CRediT author statement

Author 1 name: Conceptualization, Methodology (lead), Writing- Original draft preparation. Author 2 name: Data curation, Writing- Original draft preparation, methodology (supporting). Author 3 name: Visualization, Investigation, Writing – Review & Editing (lead). Author 4 name: Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing (equal). Author 5 name: Software, Validation, Writing- Original draft preparation. Author 6 name: Methodology (supporting), Writing- Reviewing and Editing (supporting).

This information will appear under the Acknowledgements section of the published manuscript.

Authorship criteria

All authors listed must meet the following four criteria recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE):

Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
Final approval of the version to be published; AND
Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Where all criteria are not met, individuals should be acknowledged in an acknowledgements section at the end of the main text.